Evaluation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and urine non-transferrin-bound iron concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease

Evaluation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and urine non-transferrin-bound iron concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease

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IntroductionHypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) regulate gene transcription, which aids hypoxia adaptation while promoting renal fibrosis.Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) is a catalytic form of iron that can lead to oxidative damage.However, NTBI in cat biofluids has ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FLOSS rarely been evaluated.AimsWe assessed cat plasma and urine HIF-1α (pHIF-1α/uHIF-1α) concentrations and urine NTBI (uNTBI) concentrations to investigate their relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity.MethodspHIF-1α and uHIF-1α concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA kits, while uNTBI concentrations were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

ResultsHealthy cats (n = 35) and cats with CKD (n = 84) formed the study cohorts.pHIF-1α concentrations increased from 9.48 pg./mL (median) in the healthy cohort to 11.42 pg.

/mL in early-stage CKD cats but decreased to 8.50 pg./mL in late-stage CKD cats.uHIF-1α concentrations gradually decreased with a significant difference between the control group (44.61 pg.

/mL) and the late-stage CKD group (36.79 pg./mL, p < 0.001).Cats with proteinuria had significantly higher uNTBI concentrations (35.

61 ppb) than long sleeve tee non-proteinuric cats (25.13 ppb, p = 0.019).Finally, the concentrations of pHIF-1α and uHIF-1α were positively correlated independent of renal function.Conclusion and clinical importanceOverall, pHIF-1α and uHIF-1α concentrations are lower in advanced CKD cats, while uNTBI concentrations are significantly higher in proteinuric cats.